Adoption of <i>Amyelois transitella</i> (navel orangeworm) monitoring and management practices across California tree nut crops

Abstract In California, the most significant insect pest of almonds and pistachios is navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) a walnuts. This attacks nuts infestation associated with aflatoxin contamination. While there are multiple integrated management (IPM) practices available, anecdotal evidence suggests that not all tools equally utilized. To understand current industry barriers to adoption, authors surveyed tree nut growers professionals across 7 University California Cooperative Extension meetings in California’s Central Valley. Findings indicate as managed acres decreased, participants were less likely report using many IPM tools, control advisers reported higher use compared orchard owners managers. Key adoption varied by practice included high economic costs, low labor availability, environmental conditions, and/or timing constraints. Many respondents skeptical efficacy mating disruption, relatively new strategy other tools. Finally, cluster analysis identified thirteen aggregate grower profiles. Groups primarily differed their monitoring practices, although some groups also sanitation or pesticides. Two distinguished “early adopters” through disruption ovibait traps. These findings document variability for A. nuts. Identification primary constraints specific will inform research extension efforts further promote key strategies.